The Wildlife Institute of India has identified ten biogeographical zones in India which are rich in genetic diversity of plant and animal life.
Trans-Himalayan region Though with a sparse vegetation, this region has the richest wild sheep and goat community to be found anywhere in the world. The rare snow leopard and the migratory black-necked crane are found in this zone.
Himalayan region This region has one of the highest mountain ranges in the world and is rich in species biodiversity.
Indian Desert The region has extensive grasslands with many species including the endangered great Indian bustard.
Semi-arid region Located adjoining the desert. has rich species diversity.
The Western Ghats The dense forests of the Ghats harbour a number of species diverse in nature.
Deccan Peninsula It comprises the Deccan Plateau which is mainly semi-arid.
Gangetic Plains These plains in the north extend up to the foothills of the Himalayas and are rich in biodiversity.
North-East region This region is the richest biodiversity centre in India. It has several species of orchids, bamboos, ferns and other plants. It is the domestication centre of plants of banana, mango, citrus and jute which are cultivated.
Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea harbour many endemic species of plants and animals.
Coasts The coasts of India that stretch over 5,500 km are an important biogeographical region. The estuarine tracts along the coasts have a peculiar mangrove vegetation.
India is one of the twelve centres or regions of diversity of crop plants in the world where a rich genetic diversity occurs in several crop plants and their wild progenitors.
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